I think everyone who programs needs to learn the fundamentals of something like 8 bit assembly.

This is website that helped me a lot: https://schweigi.github.io/assembler-simulator/

Once you sort of understand the principles between memory, instructions, pointers, and subroutines, everything else will fall into place.

I mean that I don't use complicated equations commonly in comparison to the project as a whole.

I mean, yeah, you are not going to do a lot of stuff with differential equations, but a lot of what you mentioned does involve discrete math if you are doing custom advanced implementations that are a little more complex than something like using posix threads blindly, or just doing sockets.

I don't have to when you say you barely use math.

When you get to actually do things like validating check sums or encryption, or internet protocols, or more advanced things like parallel processing, you will quickly see how discrete math plays a very big role in programming.

As someone who's been into C++ for the past 4 years, very little that I've done has been maths related.

Thats because you have touched at most 5% of programming as a discipline. You will find soon that the language syntax is actually one of the more trivial, non-important things in programming.