Looking for online cheat sheets or quick references helps me figure out how to make a basic program in a language at a glance since they usually have information on the language's data structures, control flow, basic syntax, function/method declaration, input, output, primitives, semicolon use, importance of whitespace. C# cheat sheet example

A language/engine/framework/library's documentation/manual/api reference also helps. When all else fails, there's the source code.

There is no one way to develop code. Writing code is like writing a book and you have different styles of writing and different types of books.

The syntax of what you write is less important than the structure of your program. And the structure of your program will define you classes and functions. For every project that will be different. When you develop, you must focus on what your program must do and as a consequence use design pattern if they fit or kick them out when they don't fit. Not the way around that a design pattern dictates how your program will work.

Where you put your brackets, new lines,.... is irrelevant. Just make it consistent over your project. I use the K&R style because it puts more code on your screen and not waste space. My goal is to have functions that fits into your screen so you can see it in an instance what it does without need of scrolling.

Here's the complete c# specification. It includes definitions, descriptions, and interrelations of all basic features of the language.

http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-334.pdf

Why don't you try and make a reference web site with this information yourself? it will help you learn about programming and the underlying structure for each programming language. It will also teach you about refrain and focus, it will teach you that you need to work and think in a very structured fashion, it will ingrain in your brain abstract problem solving and makes you realize that the programming language is just a tool to execute that solution, and so, that the solution of the puzzle is more important than the medium of the puzzle.

I believe that a true programmer is lazy, not the kind of lazy that doesn't want to do anything and only finds excuses, but the lazy kind that hates repetitive work and finds a way to minimize it. You don't have this mentality, you are asking other people to solve your specific problem and the only payoff is the good feeling for helping only you. If you want to learn, Do!

All the information you want is online, if it's helpful to you, compile it, and if you feel it's useful to someone else, release it. Start by solving your own problems, only then you can solve someone else's problem (for a fee).

Sorry but I didn't understand much out of your word soup I think you spilled on the page. If you, or anyone else, are looking for a basic vocabulary list or glossary of technical terms often used in programming then I thought this might be useful for you http://www.programmingforbeginnersbook.com/blog/expand_your_programming_vocabulary/ It was linked to from somewhere else, I don't quite remember where.

Perhaps I misuderstood.

Well, it helps if you have an underlying understanding of how programming languages work, but here's some references:

http://php.net/manual/en/langref.php
http://ruby-doc.org/docs/ruby-doc-bundle/Manual/man-1.4/syntax.html
https://docs.python.org/3.5/reference/
http://perldoc.perl.org/index-language.html

None of these will tell you how the languages work behind the scense. They tell you how to work with the languages themselves. When it comes down to it, there's not a whole lot of big differences between languages, though people like to pretend that there are.

The biggest differences between languages is whether they are functional or imperative. Of the above listed, Perl is probably the most interesting. It has no built-in object system, but you can use the features of the language to build an object system. Unfortunately, this means that there are many different object systems running around in its libraries now.

Most O'Reilly books have an introduction book for a language that covers most of the concepts, etc. The Perl ones are a lot of fun, actually.

Check out learnxinyminutes.com